troops retreat to the Yangzi River, 31 December 1948.
Soldiers of the People’s Liberation Army, Nanjing, April 1949.
Crowds of onlookers observe the first soldiers of the People’s Liberation Army, April 1949.
Lin Biao, the commander who oversaw the siege of Changchun and conquered Manchuria.
J. Leighton Stuart standing in front of a poster of General George C. Marshall.
Zhou Enlai in Moscow, heading a delegation of government and military leaders in 1952.
Victory parade, Shanghai, June 1949, shortly after the communists had taken the city.
Shanghai, June 1949, as the communists take control.
An evacuation ship transporting refugees.
Refugees of the civil war, April 1949.
Mao Zedong proclaims the founding of the People’s Republic of China in Beijing.
Chinese communists carry placards bearing pictures of Joseph Stalin, as they celebrate the first anniversary of the new regime in China.
An alleged ‘landlord’ facing a People’s Tribunal minutes before being executed by a shot to the back in a village in Guangdong, July 1952.
A grief-stricken woman stands amid the ruins of a village just north of Caolaoji, destroyed by fighting during the civil war.
Yue Songsheng, a representative of industry and commerce, presents a red envelope to Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong during the official celebration of the ‘Successful Socialist Transformation’, at Tian’anmen Square, 15 January 1956.
Queue outside a food shop, 1957.
Maintenance of a statue of Mao.
Mao Zedong in 1957.
By the Same Author
The Discourse of Race in Modern China
Sex, Culture and Modernity in China
Imperfect Conceptions: Eugenics in China
Crime, Punishment and the Prison in Modern China
Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China
Exotic Commodities: Modern Objects and Everyday Life in China
The Age of Openness: China before Mao
Mao’s Great Famine
Copyright © 2013 by Frank Dikötter
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eISBN: 978-1-62040-348-8
First U.S. Edition 2013
This electronic edition published in September 2013
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Also available by Frank Dikötter
Mao’s Great Famine
The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–62
Winner of the BBC Samuel Johnson Prize 2010
‘A must-read’ Jung Chang
Between 1958 and 1962, 45 million Chinese people were worked, starved or beaten to death. Mao Zedong threw his country into a frenzy with the Great Leap Forward, an attempt to catch up with and overtake the Western world in less than fifteen years. It lead to one of the greatest catastrophes the world has ever known. Dikotter’s extraordinary research within Chinese archives brings together for the first time what happened in the corridors of power with the everyday