Free Bitcoin Exposed: Today's Complete Guide to Tomorrow's Currency by Daniel Forrester, Mark Solomon Page A

Transactions are identified by their hash SHA-256
    - Blocks are identified by a hash of the header.
    - Blocks are transaction database shared by all nodes in the system using the bitcoin protocol.
     
    Script is a set of instructions for the receiver to follow to spend the bitcoins.
     
    Script instructions include:
    - The hash of the public key should match the bitcoin address for the transaction.
    - The signature of the sent date should be verifiable by the public key.
    - The script includes a ECDSA signature to verify the identity of the real owner of the bitcoin address.
    - Every block contains a hash of the previous block.
    - Bitcoin uses the SHA-256 algorithm to generate verifiable “random” numbers that requires a predictable amount of CPU effort.
     
    Block Chain: A block can only reference one previous block so it is impossible for two forked chains to merge.
     
    SHA-256 is fully explained for higher-level mathematicians here:
    http://www.quadibloc.com/crypto/mi060501.htm
     

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