The Weaker Vessel: Woman's Lot in Seventeenth-Century England

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Authors: Antonia Fraser
Tags: General, History, Europe, Modern, Great Britain, Social History
surrenders to the Scots; end of the First Civil War
1647 Charles I imprisoned at Carisbrooke
1648 Start of the Second Civil War; Battle of Preston (17 August); end of the Second Civil War; Pride’s Purge
1649 Execution of Charles I; formation of the Commonwealth; Cromwell’s expedition to Ireland
1650 Cromwell leads campaign against Scots; Battle of Dunbar (3 September)
1651 Battle of Worcester (3 September); escape of Charles II
1652 Start of the First Dutch War
1653 Dissolution of the Rump Parliament; the Barebones Parliament; Cromwell becomes Lord Protector
1654 End of the First Dutch War
1658 Death of Cromwell
1660 Declaration of Breda; Restoration of Charles II; Act of Indemnity and Oblivion; marriage of the Duke of York and Anne Hyde
1661–5 Enactment of the ‘Clarendon Code’; Corporation Act (1661); Act of Uniformity (1662); first Conventicle Act (1664); Five Mile Act (1665)
1662 Marriage of Charles II and Catherine of Braganza; foundation of the Royal Society
1665 The Great Plague; start of the Second Dutch War
1666 The Fire of London
1667 End of the Second Dutch War; fall of Clarendon
1670 Enactment of the second Conventicle Act
1672 Charles II’s Declaration of Indulgence; start of the Third Dutch War
1673 The First Test Act; marriage of the Duke of York and Mary of Modena
1674 End of Third Dutch War
1677 Marriage of Princess Mary and William of Orange
1678 The Popish Plot
1682 The Rye House Plot
1685 Death of Charles II; accession of James II; the Monmouth Rebellion; the Bloody Assizes
1687 James II dismisses Parliament and issues his first Declaration of Indulgence
1688 James II’s second Declaration of Indulgence; imprisonment of the Seven Bishops; birth of James’s son; overthrow of James II and arrival of William and Mary
1689 Start of joint rule of William III and Mary II; Bill of Rights and Toleration Act passed; start of the War of the Grand Alliance
1694 Death of Mary II; Triennial Act passed
1697 End of the War of the Grand Alliance
1701 Act of Settlement passed
1702 Death of William III; accession of Anne

PART ONE
    As It Was – This Blessed Knot

    ‘Marriage, O Lord, is thine own holy and sacred ordinance: Thou sawest in thy wisdom, that it was not fit for mankind to be alone. Upon this, it was thy pleasure to appoint this blessed knot …’
    SAMUEL HIERON , Prayer for those intending marriage , 1613

PART TWO
    With the War – Stronger Grown

To most ’tis known
The weaker vessels are the stronger grown.
The vine which on the pole still lean’d his arms
Must now bear up and save the pole from harms.
JAMES STRONG , Joanereidos: or, Feminine Valour Eminently discovered in Westerne Women , 1645

PART THREE
    Afterwards – A Continual Labour

    ‘Believe me, child, life is a continual labour, checkered with care and pleasure, therefore rejoice in your position, take the world as you find it, and you will I trust find heaviness may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning.’
    ADVICE OF RACHEL LADY RUSSELL TO HER DAUGHTER, 1695

Reference Books
    This is not a complete list of all works consulted (which would be impossible for reasons of space) but a list of those books to which allusion is made under short titles in the References.
The place of publication is London unless otherwise stated.
Abbadie, J., Docteur-en-Théologie, Ministre de la Savoye, Panégyrique de Marie, Reine d’Angleterre, d’Ecosse, de France et d’Irlande, de glorieuse et immortelle mémoire, Décédée à Kensington le 28 décembre 1694 .
Adair, John, Roundhead General, A Military Biography of Sir William Waller , 1969.
Agrippa, Henry Cornelius, Female Pre-eminence or the Dignity and Excellency of that Sex, above the Male , Done into English with Additional Advantages, H.C. (Henry Care), 1670.
The Life and Death of that Excellent Minister of Christ, Mr Joseph Alleine , 1672.
Allestree, Richard, The Ladies Calling. In Two Parts. By the author of the Whole Duty of Man etc ., 5th impression, Oxford, 1677.
Ambrose,

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