and litigation. But his London life also continued. In 1613 he made his first major London property purchase: a freehold house in the Blackfriars district, close to his company’s indoor theater.
The Two Noble Kinsmen
may have been written as late as 1614, and Shakespeare was in London on business a little over a year before he died of an unknown cause at home in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1616, probably on his fifty-second birthday.
About half the sum of his works were published in his lifetime, in texts of variable quality. A few years after his death, his fellow actors began putting together an authorized edition of his complete
Comedies, Histories and Tragedies
. It appeared in 1623, in large “Folio” format. This collection of thirty-six plays gave Shakespeare his immortality. In the words of his fellow dramatist Ben Jonson, who contributed two poems of praise at the start of the Folio, the body of his work made him “a monument without a tomb”:
And art alive still while thy book doth live
And we have wits to read and praise to give …
He was not of an age, but for all time!
SHAKESPEARE’S WORKS:
A CHRONOLOGY
1589–91
?
Arden of Faversham
(possible part authorship)
1589–92
The Taming of the Shrew
1589–92
?
Edward the Third
(possible part authorship)
1591
The Second Part of Henry the Sixth
, originally called
The First Part of the Contention Betwixt the Two Famous Houses of York and Lancaster
(element of coauthorship possible)
1591
The Third Part of Henry the Sixth
, originally called
The True Tragedy of Richard Duke of York
(element of coauthorship probable)
1591–92
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
1591–92; perhaps revised 1594
The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus
(probably cowritten with, or revising an earlier version by, George Peele)
1592
The First Part of Henry the Sixth
, probably with Thomas Nashe and others
1592/94
King Richard the Third
1593
Venus and Adonis
(poem)
1593–94
The Rape of Lucrece
(poem)
1593–1608
Sonnets
(154 poems, published 1609 with
A Lover’s
Complaint
, a poem of disputed authorship)
1592–94/1600–03
Sir Thomas More
(a single scene for a play originally by Anthony Munday, with other revisions by Henry Chettle, Thomas Dekker, and Thomas Heywood)
1594
The Comedy of Errors
1595
Love’s Labour’s Lost
1595–97
Love’s Labour’s Won
(a lost play, unless the original title for another comedy)
1595–96
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
1595–96
The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet
1595–96
King Richard the Second
1595–97
The Life and Death of King John
(possibly earlier)
1596–97
The Merchant of Venice
1596–97
The First Part of Henry the Fourth
1597–98
The Second Part of Henry the Fourth
1598
Much Ado About Nothing
1598–99
The Passionate Pilgrim
(20 poems, some not by Shakespeare)
1599
The Life of Henry the Fifth
1599
“To the Queen” (epilogue for a court performance)
1599
As You Like It
1599
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar
1600–01
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
(perhaps revising an earlier version)
1600–01
The Merry Wives of Windsor
(perhaps revising version of 1597–99)
1601
“Let the Bird of Loudest Lay” (poem, known since 1807 as “The Phoenix and Turtle” [turtledove])
1601
Twelfth Night, or What You Will
1601–02
The Tragedy of Troilus and Cressida
1604
The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice
1604
Measure for Measure
1605
All’s Well That Ends Well
1605
The Life of Timon of Athens
, with Thomas Middleton
1605–06
The Tragedy of King Lear
1605–08
? contribution to
The Four Plays in One
(lost, except for
A Yorkshire Tragedy
, mostly by Thomas Middleton)
1606
The Tragedy of Macbeth
(surviving text has additional scenes by Thomas Middleton)
1606–07
The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra
1608
The Tragedy of Coriolanus
1608
Pericles, Prince of Tyre
, with George Wilkins
1610
The Tragedy of Cymbeline
1611
The Winter’s Tale
1611
The