contain a granite sarcophagus, within which were the total skeletal remains of a large man. This mastaba contained the royal name of Huni.” 2
Lepre also goes on to further state that a mastaba tomb bearing the name of Djoser, the Third Dynasty king and builder of the step pyramid at Saqqara, had also been found. In relation to this, a mummified foot found in the so-called burial chamber of the step pyramid at Saqqara, which some believed to be the remains of Djoser, has been radiocarbon dated to (at least) one thousand years after Djoser’s reign, indicating an intrusive burial in this structure.
And so we must ask: If these mastaba tombs bearing the names of Huni and Djoser were actually their true burial sites, what then was the purpose of the pyramids that Egyptology attributes to these kings?
3. PROVINCIAL PYRAMIDS AND CENOTAPHS
The Provincial Pyramids are a series of seven small step pyramids situated along the banks of the Nile for most of its length. These small pyramids, which consensus Egyptology attributes to Huni, have neither internal nor external chambers of any kind, nor are there any ancillary structures such as chapels, temples, or causeways associated with them. The Provincial Pyramids represent something of a mystery to Egyptologists, but there is one thing that is absolutely certain about these small pyramids and on which Egyptologists are agreed: they categorically were not built to function as tombs.
Similar to the Provincial Pyramids are the pyramids that Egyptologists believe were built not as actual tombs but as cenotaphs, or false tombs. These cenotaphs appear identical in most every way to other pyramids that Egyptologists do regard as tombs, except they were not intended for burial but were merely built as symbolic tombs. And, just as in the pyramids that Egyptologists believe were real tombs, no body of any king or any funerary equipment has ever been found inside any of the false tombs.
So here we have two pyramid types—some small, some large—that were built by the ancient Egyptians and that Egyptologists freely acknowledge were never intended for burial of any sort. Given the fact that neither the Provincial Pyramids nor the cenotaph pyramids were ever intended as tombs, in the absence of any primary evidence, surely the wonder must be that any Egyptologist can assert with any authority that any pyramid was ever intended for the purpose of royal burial.
4. MULTIPLE PYRAMIDS
Related to the issue of the cenotaph pyramids are those pyramids constructed by Sneferu—four in total (three giant pyramids and at least one of the small Provincial Pyramids, the one at Seila). Why would a king require four pyramids, three of which were truly massive? The conventional view assumes that Sneferu desired to build a “true pyramid”; that is, a pyramid with perfectly smooth, sloping sides as opposed to the earlier step pyramid structures. This assumed objective of Sneferu is based on the simple fact that Sneferu didn’t build any more pyramids after finally succeeding in building the world’s first true pyramid, the Red Pyramid at Dahshur. But the fact of the matter is, we simply will never know if Sneferu would have gone on to build any more pyramids, because he died shortly after completing the Red Pyramid.
And then there’s the fact that Sneferu’s first “failure,” the pyramid at Meidum (which some Egyptologists attribute to Huni), was later converted by Sneferu into a true pyramid. So we have to ask: Why did Sneferu need the later Red Pyramid when he obviously could have finished the Meidum pyramid as a true pyramid the first time around? In fact, after his first large pyramid “failure” at Meidum, Sneferu went on to build a second “failure” known as the Bent Pyramid. Conventional wisdom has it that it became apparent to Sneferu’s builders after constructing about two-thirds of this pyramid that its slope angle was much too steep, and so the top third had to be given a