prevented Americans from appreciating a âmore glorious timeâ to come. âProgress, developmentâthose are modern words,â he said. âThe modern idea is to leave the past andpress onward to something new.â
Wilsonâs generation was the first to question the wisdom, efficacy, and relevance of the Constitution. And much like todayâs progressives, he looked across the Atlantic to Europe for guidance on how to do things âbetterââto Britainâs ancient Parliament and Germanyâs newfangled welfare state.
Perhaps most damning of all, Wilson is the father of the single biggest philosophical threat to the Constitution the country has ever faced, one that splits the U.S. Supreme Court to this day. Wilson believed, in violation of everything the Founders stood for, in a âliving and breathing constitutionâ that can and should be âmodified by its environment.â These âliving political constitutions must beDarwinian in structure and in practice,â he wrote in 1908.
The Constitution was, in Wilsonâs mind, subject to the concept of âsurvival of the fittestâânot bedrock at all but more like shifting sands. In the Wilsonian view, the government had to keep evolving, changing to meet the needs of the environment around it. There was no such thing as natural rights endowed to us by our creator or immutable principles.
Wilsonâs scorn for the Constitution rings clear and strong. He even derided the U.S. system of checks and balances: âNo living thing can have its organs offset against each other,as checks, and live.â He ridiculed the idea of individual rights:
No doubt a great deal of nonsense has been talked about the inalienable rights of the individual, and a great deal that was mere vague sentiment and pleasing speculation has been put forward as fundamentalprinciple. [ However, the ] rights of man are easy to discourse of, [ but ] infinitely hard to translate into practice. [ Such ] theories are never âlawâ; no matter what the name or the formal authority ofthe document in which they are embodied.
In a 1912 campaign address titled âWhat Is Progress?â (a speech he later included in perhaps the most ironically titled book of the twentieth century, The New Freedom ), Wilson laid out in the starkest terms the progressive approach to the Constitution: âAll that progressives ask or desire is permission [in an] era when âdevelopment,â âevolution,â is the scientific word, [to] interpret the Constitution according to the Darwinian principle; all they ask is recognition of the fact that a nation is a living thingand not a machine.â
Wilson was equally contemptuous of the Declaration of Independence, claiming, âIf you want to understand the real Declaration of Independence,do not repeat the prefaceâ (that is, that whole âall men are created equal . . . endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights . . . Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happinessâ thing). To Wilson, the âquestion is not whether all men are born free and equal or not,â because we all âknow they are not.â
Wilson argued that Americans âare not bound to adhere to the doctrines held by the signers of the Declaration of Independence,â because we âare as free as they were tomake and unmake governments.â Americans, he said, should not âworship men or a document.â
Unless, of course, that man was him.
COMMUNITIES ARE SUPREME OVER MEN
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Like all progressives, Wilson had a barely concealed elitistâs disdain for the regular Americans he allegedly wanted to help and protect. As governor of New Jersey and later as president of the United States,Wilson rarely talked about socialism, but he was much less guarded during his years in academia.
Wilsonâs brand of socialism was something he called âstate