Free In the Beginning Was Information by Werner Gitt Page B

be no information without a sender.
Any given chain of information points to a mental source.
There can be no information without volition (will).
There can be no information unless all five hierarchical levels are involved: statistics, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and apobetics.
Information cannot originate in statistical processes.
    These seven theorems can also be formulated as impossibility theorems, as has been shown in paragraph 2.5 for practically all laws of nature:
It is impossible to set up, store, or transmit information without using a code.
It is impossible to have a code apart from a free and deliberate convention.
It is impossible that information can exist without having had a mental source.
It is impossible for information to exist without having been established voluntarily by a free will.
It is impossible for information to exist without all five hierarchical levels — statistics, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and apobetics.
It is impossible that information can originate in statistical processes.
    We still have to describe a domain of definition for all these theorems; this will be done in the next chapter.
    Figure 14 may serve the purpose of ordering the proposed theorems. Three phenomena are represented hierarchically, namely matter, information, and life, with matter at the lowest level. All known natural laws belong here (e.g., conservation of energy, strength of materials, and electric charge). According to Theorem 1, information is not a property of matter, and thus requires a next higher level. All information theorems belong to this level. The highest level is that of life. Natural laws belonging to this level may be called life theorems. A fundamental theorem at this level was formulated by Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), and it has not yet been contradicted by any experiment: "Life can only come from life." The following statements can be made about the three hierarchical levels shown in Figure 14:
    * Information is nonmaterial, but it requires material media for storage and transmission.
    * Information is not life, but the information in cells is essential for all living beings. Information is a necessary prerequisite for life.
    * Life is nonmaterial, and it is not information, but both entities, matter and information, are essential for life.
    Because of the philosophical bias, both information and life itself are regarded as purely material phenomena in the evolutionary view. The origin and the nature of life is reduced to physical-chemical causes. In the words of Jean B. de Lamarck (1744–1829), "Life is merely a physical phenomenon. All manifestations of life are based on mechanical, physical, and chemical causes, being properties of organic matter" (
Philosophie Zoologique
, Paris, 1809, Vol. 1, p. 104 f). The German evolutionist Manfred Eigen expressed a similar view [E2, p. 149]: "The logic of life originates in physics and chemistry." His pupil, Bernd-Olaf Küppers, paved the way for molecular Darwinism, but the present author has already responded to this materialistic view [G14, p. 90–92]. All such ideas have in common that biological facts are interwoven with subjective representations which cannot be justified scientifically. The information theorems formulated in this book, should enable the reader to distinguish between truth and folly.
    The code systems used for communication in the animal kingdom have not been "invented" by them, but were created fully functional according to Figure 24.
Figure 14: Certain natural laws are valid for each of the three hierarchical levels; the main concern of this book is the information theorems. The meaning of the arrows are:
    1. Information requires matter for storage and transmission.
    2. Life requires information.
    3. Biological life requires matter as necessary medium. Information and matter fall far short in describing life, but life depends on the necessary conditions prevailing at the lower levels.

Chapter 5
     
    Delineation of the