Free From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 by George C. Herring Page A

Independence,
163.

27 . William C. Stinchcombe, "Americans Celebrate the Birth of the Dauphin," in Hoffman and Albert,
Diplomacy and Revolution,
44–47.

28 . Wood,
Franklin,
191.

29 . Alexander DeConde, "The French Alliance in Historical Speculation," in Hoffman and Albert,
Diplomacy and Revolution,
18.

30 . Ibid., 17–18; Dull,
Diplomatic History,
163.

31 . Murphy, "View from Versailles," 144; Dull,
Diplomatic History,
107.

32 . James M. Merrell, "Declarations of Independence: Indian-White Relations in the New Nation," in Jack P. Greene, ed.,
The American Revolution: Its Character and Limits
(New York, 1987), 198–99.

34 . Barbara Graymont,
The Iroquois in the American Revolution
(Syracuse, N.Y., 1972), 220.

35 . Theda Perdue,
The Cherokee
(New York, 1989), 35–36; Allen R. Millett and Peter Maslowski,
For the Common Defense: A Military History of the United States of America
(New York, 1984), 74.

36 . Rakove,
Beginnings,
179.

38 . Dull,
Diplomatic History,
120.

39 . Gregg L. Lint, "Preparing for Peace: The Objectives of the United States, France, and Spain in the War of the American Revolution," in Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds.,
Peacemakers
:
The Treaty of 1783
(Charlottesville, Va., 1986), 32–33.

41 . Richard B. Morris,
The Forging of the Union
,
1781–1789
(New York, 1987), 140.

42 . Edmund S. Morgan,
Benjamin Franklin
(New Haven, Conn., 2002), 275–76.

43 . Bradford Perkins, "The Peace of Paris: Patterns and Legacies," in Hoffman and Albert,
Peacemakers,
196.

45 . Esmond Wright, "The British Objectives, 1780–1783: 'If Not Dominion Then Trade,' " in Hoffman and Albert,
Peacemakers,
8–10.

46 . Shelburne to Oswald, July 27, 1782, in Mary A. Giunta, ed.,
Documents of the Emerging Nation: U.S. Foreign Relations, 1775–1782
(Wilmington, Del., 1998), 91.

47 . Perkins, "Peace of Paris," 198; Wright, "British Objectives," 10–15; Charles R. Ritcheson,
Aftermath of Revolution: British Policy Toward the United States
(New York, 1969), 74, 79, 82.

48 . Van Alstyne,
Empire and Independence,
215; Jonathan R. Dull, "Vergennes, Rayneval, and the Diplomacy of Trust," in Hoffman and Albert,
Peacemakers,
105.

49 . Dull,
Diplomatic History,
146.

50 . Morgan,
Franklin,
287–88.

51 . Wood,
Franklin,
195.

52 . James H. Hutson, "The American Negotiators: The Diplomacy of Jealousy," in Hoffman and Albert,
Peacemakers,
54.

54 . Dull,
Diplomatic History,
149.

56 . Samuel Flagg Bemis,
The Diplomacy of the American Revolution
(Bloomington, Ind., 1957), 255–56, and Richard B. Morris,
The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence
(New York, 1965), 459, praise Adams and Jay. Perkins, "Peace of Paris," 201, and Dull,
Diplomatic History,
146–51, are more critical.

57 . Perkins, "Peace of Paris," 220–21; Dull,
Diplomatic History,
149–51.

59 . Morgan,
Franklin,
289.

60 . Franklin to Vergennes, December 17, 1782, in Giunta,
Documents,
124–25.

62 . Dull,
Diplomatic History,
161.

63 . Rakove,
Beginnings,
342.

64 . Peter S. Onuf, "Anarchy and the Crisis of the Union," in Herman Belz, Ronald Hoffman, and Peter J. Albert, eds.,
To Form a More Perfect Union
(Charlottesville, Va., 1992), 280.

65 . Luis Guillaume Otto to Vergennes, October 1, 1785, in Giunta,
Documents,
178.

66 . Walter Stahr,
John Jay, Founding Father
(New York and London, 2005), 197.

67 . Morris,
Forging of the Union,
194–95; David Patterson, "The Department of State: The Formative Years, 1775–1800,"
Prologue
21 (Winter 1989), 317.

68 . Adams to Jay, June 2, 1785, in Giunta,
Documents,
151.

69 . Rakove,
Beginnings,
347.

70 . Otto to Vergennes, October 1, 1785, in Giunta,
Documents,
178–79.

71 . Adams,
Jefferson,
160.

72 . Merrill Jensen,
The New Nation: A History of the United States During the Confederation, 1781–1789
(New York, 1950), 156.

73 . Morris,
Forging of the Union,
130–32.

74 . Giunta,
Documents,
161.

75 . Morris,
Forging of the Union,
205.

76 . Adams,
Jefferson,
200.

77 . Gaye Wilson,