Free Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years by Diarmaid MacCulloch

was a friend of Francke's. In a gesture of ecumenical cooperation rare at the time and not consistently shown later, the Anglican educational Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge sent Ziegenbalg a printer and press to make it possible to publish a pioneering translation of the Bible into Tamil. Alas for his gradualist strategy, he was beset by political troubles in India, and his fragile constitution led to an early death. 52
    Zinzendorf had his own close connections with the Danish Court, and from the 1730s he made something permanent of Ziegenbalg's interrupted work. Yet there was a difference from nearly all previous Western missions: the first Moravian missionaries whom he sent out were laypeople, often quite humble and uneducated folk, who tried to earn their livings by their craft skills on mission (see Plate 62). The Count himself personally joined his followers on an extraordinary series of journeys worldwide - to North America and the Caribbean, as well as travels through Europe from France to Britain to Scandinavia. These adventures came close to bankrupting him, and the work had to be rescued by others, but it continued. Moravian missionary work among slaves in the British West Indies and in America proved acceptable to slave owners, as they found that the Moravians taught their converts obedience and made them more hard-working. Moravians sought to improve the welfare of slaves rather than give institutional support to the growing British calls for the abolition of the trade and the institution (see pp. 870-71). Ostentatiously abstaining from involvement in politics, they still managed, in an astute balancing act, to preserve the esteem of British abolitionists. More generally, the Moravians showed other Protestant Churches that missions could be successful and that the initiative was worth imitating. Moravian numerical strength now lies outside their European homeland, thanks to their missionary work worldwide. 53

PART VII
    God in the Dock (1492-present)

21
    Enlightenment: Ally or Enemy? (1492-1815)

22
    Europe Re-enchanted or Disenchanted? (1815-1914)

23
    To Make the World Protestant (1700-1914)

24
    Not Peace but a Sword (1914-60)

25
    Culture Wars (1960-Present)

Notes
    Abbreviations

PART I: A MILLENNIUM OF BEGINNINGS (1000 BCE-100 CE)

PART II: ONE CHURCH, ONE FAITH, ONE LORD? (4 BCE-451 CE)

PART III: VANISHING FUTURES: EAST AND SOUTH (451-1500)

PART IV: THE UNPREDICTABLE RISE OF ROME (300-1300)

PART V: ORTHODOXY: THE IMPERIAL FAITH (451-1800)

PART VI: WESTERN CHRISTIANITY DISMEMBERED (1300-1800)

PART VII: GOD IN THE DOCK (1492 - PRESENT)

Further Reading
    This is designed to provide general introductory reading or classic works in English in the various sections of the book. Detailed reading on particular topics is cited in the notes relating to each chapter, often in works in languages other than English, and is not necessarily repeated here; the same applies to books listed in the table of abbreviations.

GENERAL READING FOR ALL CHRISTIAN HISTORY
    Indispensable for reference is the present-day manifestation of a work quirkily Anglo-Catholic in flavour in its first guise half a century ago, but now transformed, E. A. Livingstone (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (4th edn, Oxford, 2005). Reliable too are the expert essays themed by region and Church in K. Parry (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity (Oxford, 2007). A work of reference which has no peer in any other culture, providing biographies of individuals connected with the British Isles/ Atlantic Isles or the British Empire, is the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , best consulted in its regularly updated and corrected form as http://www.oxforddnb.com/index.js . Papal official pronouncements from the pontificate of Leo XIII are to be found on the Vatican website at http://www.vatican.va/holy -father/.
    Of making surveys of Christian history, there is no end. A slightly less daunting way in than the