categorical logic, the square of opposition describes the relationship between the universal affirmative A, the universal negative E, the particular affirmative I, and the particular negative O.
37. n. A unit vector parallel to the x-axis.
38. n. Candlepower.
The term candlepower is based on a measurement of the light produced by a pure spermaceti candle weighing one sixth of a pound, burning at a rate of 120 grams per hour. Spermaceti is found in the head of Sperm Whales, and once was used to make candles. —Bob Sherman, Candle History
FOREIGN MEANINGS
39. interj. (German) “What next?!”
40. interj. (German) “Nonsense! rubbish!”
41. interj. (German) “Certainly not!”
42. conj. (Polish) also, too.
FACTS AND FIGURES
43. Lowercase i earned the right to a dot owing to its small size. However, the Turkish capital I is sometimes dotted.
44. Most of Emily Dickinson’s poems (over 150 of them) begin with the word I. For example, “I heard a Fly Buzz When I Died.”
45. American Health has reported that the less one uses the first-person pronoun, the less one’s risk of coronary heart disease.
J IN PRINT AND PROVERB
1. (in literature) “They decided to substitute for the lost jack a piece of card-sized paper on which they were going to draw a face both ways up, a club, a capital J, and even the jack’s name.” —Georges Perec, Life: A User’s Manual
2. (in literature) “J is the plowshare and the horn of plenty.” —Victor Hugo, quoted in ABZ by Mel Gooding
3. n. A written representation of the letter.
4. n. A device, such as a printer’s type, for reproducing the letter.
If my mind orders my right forefinger to type the letter J, it obeys. —Houston Smith, Why Religion Matters: The Fate of the Human Spirit in an Age of Disbelief
SHAPES AND DESIGNATIONS
5. n. Something having the shape of a J.
[Puzzle] pieces shaped like J, K, L, M, W, Z, X, Y, and T. —Georges Perec, Life: A User’s Manual
6. n. Something arbitrarily designated J (e.g., a person, place, or other thing).
After J, there would be K and L and M, right down the alphabet. It’s no use being sentimentally cynical about this, or cynically sentimental. Because J isn’t really what I want. J has only the value of being now. J will pass, the need will remain. The need to get back into the dark, into the bed, into the warm naked embrace, where J is no more J than K, L, or M. —Christopher Isherwood, Prater Violet
7. n. J turn: “a test of a car’s reliability, made by making a sudden sharp turn around an obstacle like another car or an animal, resulting in a path that looks something like a J.”—Dr. John Burkardt As the first two attackers stormed out of the house after them, Liz gunned the engine and screeched the Jeep in a sharp J-turn, fishtailing until her tires gripped the cobblestones and the vehicle straightened out. —Gail Lynds, The Coil: A Novel
8. n. Someone called J. [W]ho is sitting out on a curbing on Haight Street but J—of Pump House days gone by. —Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test
9. n. J bar: a reinforcing rod whose cross-section is J-shaped.
10. n. J stroke: in rowing, an oar or paddle stroke traversing the figure of a J.
I could see the outline of a kneeling man, drawing the paddle through the water in silent J-strokes. —James Lee Burke, Purple Cane Road
11. n. J bolt: a bolt in the shape of the letter J.
12. n. J box: “a J-shaped box through which fabric is passed for a process such as bleaching.”—Dr. John Burkardt
PICK A NUMBER
13. n. A medieval Roman numeral for one. (See I. )
14. n. The tenth in a series, or the ninth (when I is omitted). Toqueville did not include the letter J in numbering his appendices. —Editor’s footnote in Democracy in America by Alexis de Tocqueville
15. n. (economics) J curve: “a curve, suggestive of the shape of a J, that