I added. âWhatâs it mean?â
Emmaâs lips tightened as if holding back a flood of words. Then, in a even cadence, she said, âKill the Indian and save the man.â She looked at Romero and tears trickled along the crevices of her cheeks. âBut they killed the Indian and the man.â
Romero put his arm around the old woman and took a deep breath. âItâs OK, Miss Emma. Iâll explain it.â He turned to Tommy Lee and me. âMost in the white world donât know termination was the code word for the governmentâs policy of driving out all vestiges of Indian heritage. The goal was forced assimilation and the abolishment of reservations. In short, civilize the native people that white society viewed as savages.
âSchools were built where Indian children were forbidden to speak their native tongue or practice traditional customs. In a generation or two, the Indian within would be eradicated, and what was left would be an individual swallowed up in mainstream culture.â
âKill the Indian and save the man,â I repeated. âI thought that was from the late 1800s.â
âIt was,â Romero said. âBut the policy officially flourished from the 1940s through the 1960s when the government dissolved recognition of numerous tribes and gave states the responsibility to govern the former reservation lands.â
âWere the Cherokee terminated?â I asked.
âNo. Terminations were done on a tribe-by-tribe basis and had to move through Congress and court challenges. A backlash built, the American Indian Movement coalesced around the common interests, and the documented effects of termination on education and health care proved devastating, the exact opposite of what was promised.â
âThe termination policy was terminated,â I said.
Romero pulled his arm away from Emma, and she wiped her eyes on her sleeve.
âYes,â Romero said. âThanks to Richard Nixon.â
âTricky Dick?â Tommy Lee scowled. âWhat was in it for him?â
Romero shrugged. âI guess he had enough Vietnam War protesters on his hands without adding Indians to the list. And the states didnât want responsibility for the tribes, especially with no federal funds. So, Nixon changed the policy from termination to self-determination.â
The history lesson still didnât give me the answer to my question. âThen why would Jimmy say preservation?â
Emma Byrd pointed a finger at me. âBecause self-determination is leading us to our self-termination. Jimmy fought not only against forces without but also forces within. Whether it was your cemetery or a tribal council meeting, Jimmy made no distinction. He saw no shades of gray when it came to preserving and protecting the spiritual core of the Cherokee people.â
âAnd yet, yesterday, he was happy,â I said. âContented. Why?â
âI donât know,â Emma Byrd said. âAnd if Iâd asked, the very question could have broken his mood. It was enough that he was happy.â
And less than twelve hours later, he was dead. I thought about the information Romero shared at the police station. âMiss Byrd, we understand that your grandson went home after eating supper with you.â
âYes. He left a little before nine. Skye stayed longer.â
âYour granddaughter, Jimmyâs sister?â
âYes.â
âAnyone else?â
âNo. Sometimes Eddie Wolfe comes with Skye. Heâs her boyfriend, but last night he was working second shift.â
âWhere?â
âSome box factory near Murphy.â
âThat would be about forty-five minutes away,â Romero said.
âOK,â I said. âMiss Byrd, it looks like thereâs no road up here. Where did Jimmy keep his truck?â
âDown at my house. He parked it off to the side.â
âAnd he didnât drive off after