noted that some seashells from the bay had been collected and âprettily arranged⦠by some old messmates.â The orderly arrangement of what Kane called the âisthmus of the gravesâ reminded Osborn of a parish cemetery.
⦠it breathes of the quiet churchyard in some of Englandâs many nooks⦠and the ornaments that nature decks herself with, even in the desolation of the frozen zone, were carefully culled to mark the seamanâs last home.
The searchers hoped the discovery of the expeditionâs winter campsite and the graves of its ï¬rst three victims would somehow point to Franklinâs whereabouts. The dates inscribed on the headboards showed that the doomed expedition had passed the winter of 1845â46 nestled in a small bay on the east side of Beechey Island, and there was more.
The three Franklin expedition graves on Beechey Island. Drawn from a sketch by Dr. E.K. Kane
Searchers sweeping the windblown island during the shortening days of late summer found other signs, including the remains of tenting sites, an armourerâs forge, a large storehouse, a carpenterâs house and a few other, smaller structures. Deep ruts left by sledges were found on the gravel terraces of Devon Island, leaving Osborn to observe âhow little Franklinâs people were impressed with the importance of rendering their travelling equipment light and portable.â A polar bear killed by one of the searchers revealed an earlier bullet wound. The bullet was retrieved from the beastâs ï¬esh and identiï¬ed as having been ï¬red from a weapon like those supplied to Franklin. Kane found âinexpressibly touchingâ the discovery of a little garden scraped into the gravel, with anemones still growing. Wrote Kane: âA garden implies a purpose either to remain or to return: he who makes it is looking to the future.â This discovery on Beechey Island, especially moving to a nation of gardeners, inspired a verse by Charles Dickens:
O then
Pause on the footprints of heroic men,
Making a garden of the desert wide
Where PARRY conquerâd and FRANKLIN died.
Another large cairn was discovered, this one made of more than 600 discarded food tins ï¬lled with gravel, but nowhere was there a message telling where Franklin and his crews had sailed. Why these empty cans had been stacked 7 feet (2.1 metres) high in such a manner was unclear. It was usual for Arctic expeditions to leave messages under cairns describing their current status and plansâbut here there was no note. Such was the scale of popular interest in each development during the Franklin searches that even this peculiar discoveryâa cairn of tins built without apparent purposeâfound its way into another literary work, Walden, where Henry David Thoreau asked, âIs Franklin the only man who is lost, that his wife should be so earnest to ï¬nd him?â
Wrote Thoreau: âExplore your own higher latitudes with shiploads of preserved meats to support you, if they be necessary; and pile the empty cans sky-high for a sign.â But a sign of what in this case? What did it mean? With each discovery the Franklin mystery only seemed to deepen. As well, the trail that began at Cape Riley on Devon Island seemed to end on Beechey Island, just 1.25 miles (2 km) away. Osborn expressed the mood of the searchers this way: âEveryone felt that there was something so inexplicable in the non-discovery of any record, some written evidence of the intentions of Franklin and Crozier on leaving this spot⦠â
Although death was expected on expeditions of discovery through accident or illness, three deaths during the ï¬rst winter was still considered unusual. The suggestion that the graves at Beechey Island could represent problems with the expeditionâs food supply was discussed by the searchers and publicly stated by Ommanney in evidence given to the British government in 1852: