Free What Hath God Wrought by Daniel Walker Howe

between literature and social reform, see, for example, Jane Tompkins, Sensational Designs (1985) and Carolyn Karcher’s biography of Maria Child, First Woman in the Republic (1998).
    On the theater in the young republic, see John Kasson, Rudeness and Civility (1990); Lawrence Levine, Highbrow/Lowbrow (1988); Susan Porter, With an Air Debonair (1991); and Nigel Cliff, The Shakespeare Riots (2007). Minstrel shows have a substantial bibliography of their own; see Ken Emerson, Doo-dah! Stephen Foster and the Rise of American Popular Culture (1998); Robert Toll, Blacking Up (1974); Eric Lott, Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class (1993); and William Mahar, Behind the Burnt Cork Mask (1999).
    The Cambridge History of American Music , ed. David Nicholls (1998) contains judicious essays on this period. For the music of the slaves, see, in addition to works on black culture cited earlier, Eileen Southern, The Music of Black Americans , 2nd ed. (1983) and Dena Epstein, Sinful Tunes and Spirituals (1977). Shane White and Graham White, The Sounds of Slavery (2005) includes recordings. The hymns of white Christians are discussed in Henry Wilder Foote, Three Centuries of American Hymnody (1940) and Peter Benes, ed., New England Music: The Public Sphere (1998).
    The abolitionists are heroes to most Americans nowadays, and an extremely large body of writing pays tribute to them; what follows is a highly selective sample of it. An excellent overview is James B. Stewart, Holy Warriors , rev. ed. (1997). See also Stanley Harrold, American Abolitionists (2001); Lawrence Friedman, Gregarious Saints (1982); and Edward Magdol, The Antislavery Rank and File (1986). Two essay collections are Timothy McCarthy and John Stauffer, eds., Prophets of Protest (2006) and Lewis Perry and Michael Fellman, eds., Antislavery Reconsidered (1979). Simon Schama, Rough Crossings (2006) and David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage (2006) put antislavery into its international context. The best biography of Garrison is Henry Mayer, All on Fire (1998); for Weld, see Robert Abzug, Passionate Liberator (1980). Frederick Blue, No Taint of Compromise (2005) and Bruce Laurie, Beyond Garrison (2005) celebrate the political abolitionists. The growing militancy of the abolitionists is treated in Merton Dillon, Slavery Attacked (1990) and Stanley Harrold, The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism (2004). Three historians argue about the relationship between abolitionism and capitalism in the difficult but rewarding volume entitled The Antislavery Debate , ed. Thomas Bender (1992).
    On the schism within the abolition movement, see Aileen Kraditor, Means and Ends in American Abolitionism (1969); Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Lewis Tappan and the Evangelical War Against Slavery (1971); and John McKivigan, The War Against Proslavery Religion (1984). For women’s resistance to the schism, see Julie Jeffrey, The Great Silent Army of Abolitionism (1998).
    Benjamin Quarles, Black Abolitionists (1969) remains useful. Particular aspects of black antislavery are covered in John Stauffer, The Black Hearts of Men (2002) and John Ernest, Liberation Historiography (2004). Bruce Dain’s book on race theory, A Hideous Monster of the Mind (2002), sheds light on African American abolitionism. A large body of writing on Frederick Douglass includes Nathan Huggins, Slave and Citizen (1980); William McFeely, Frederick Douglass (1991); and Waldo Martin Jr., The Mind of Frederick Douglass (1984). Nell Painter, Sojourner Truth (1996) is judicious.
    For abolitionist feminism, see Gerda Lerner, The Grimké Sisters from South Carolina, rev. ed. (2004); Blanche Hersh, The Slavery of Sex (1978); Jean Yellin, Women and Sisters (1989); Jean Yellin and John Van Horne, eds., The Abolitionist Sisterhood (1994); Nancy Hardesty, Women Called to Witness , 2nd ed. (1999); Anna Speicher, The Religious World of Antislavery Women (2000); and Kathryn Sklar, Women’s Rights Emerges Within the Anti-Slavery