quarters
Bomilcar, stele inscription
Bomilcar, Carthaginian general
attempted coup in Carthage
Books of Fate (Roman)
Bostar, Carthaginian commander
Bostar, Carthaginian governor of Sardinia
bread ovens, Kerkouane
Brecht, Bertolt
Britain
Himilco’s voyage to
Brittany, Himilco’s voyage to
Bronze Age
Near East
nomadic invasions from east
palace societies
Sicily
bronze objects
armour
cauldrons
Entella tablets
hatchet razors
Bruttium (Calabria)
Hannibal in
bucchero nero (Etruscan drinking cups)
burial practices
burial (inhumation)
cremation
Libyan
Byblos
sea-going ships
worship of goddess Baalat Gubal
Byron, Lord
Byrsa, citadel
and Roman rebuilding
streets up to
Cabala, battle of
Cacus, ogre
Rome equated with
Cadmus, envoy from Syracuse to Greece
caduceus plant, emblems
Caecus, Appius Claudius
Caere, Etruscan kingdom spring of Hercules
Calpurnius Piso, Lucius, consul (147 BC)
Camarina, Sicily
Cameroun, Mount
Campania, Italy
Hannibal in
links with Carthage
Campanians, as mercenaries
Canary Islands
Cannae, Battle of (216 BC)
Can’nai , ethnic group
Canusium, Italy
Cap Bon peninsula
see also Kerkouane
Cape Lacinium, temple of Juno
Cape Tyndaris, naval battle of (260 BC)
Capua
alliance with Rome
Hannibal at
omen
rebellion against Rome
siege and sack by Rome (211)
Caralis (Cagliari), Sardinia
Carpetani tribe, Spain
carpets and cushions, Carthaginian
Cartagena (New Carthage), Spain
besieged by Scipio
blockade by Scipio
foundation by Hasdrubal
Carthage
ORIGINS AND RISE OF: in context of ancient world; Elissa foundation myth; gods (patron); Levantine heritage and influence; rise as mercantile power; rivalry with Greece; sources for history
CITY; Byrsa (citadel); Cintas’ chapel; construction of ‘Hannibal Quarter’; early city; fortifications; grid; Hannibal’s construction programme; harbours
accused of conspiracy with Persia
and arrival of Scipio Africanus
and assistance to Mamertines in Sicily
besieged by Agathocles
blockaded by mercenaries
defeat at Himera
economic effects of First Punic War
economic recovery after Second Punic War
fall and sack of (146 BC); curse on; destruction; ploughing with salt ; preparations for siege (149 BC); siege of (149–146)
famine (256–255 BC)
harbours
hinterland
imperial ambitions
and loss of Sicily
metaphorical references to
as moral antithesis to Rome
political institutions, 130; democratic faction (150s); Hannibal’s reforms; oligarchic government; pro-Barcid faction; rise of power of Popular Assembly
rebuilding: as Colonia Iulia Concordia Carthago; Roman proposals
relations with Rome: alliance with Rome against Pyrrhus; embassy to Rome (351 BC); first treaty with Rome (509 BC) ; possible treaty with Rome (306 BC) ; Roman embassy to; second treaty with Rome (348 BC); third treaty with Rome (279/278 BC); treaty to end First Punic War (241 BC)
and Syracuse; loss of; wars
and treaty with Philip of Macedon
war with Numidia
see also Council of Elders; Popular Assembly
Carthage, battle at (256 BC)
Carthaginian army
elite suspicion of generals
loyalty to Hannibal
and Mercenaries’ Revolt
military strategy
Sacred Band
in Spain
standing army in Sicily
under command of Xanthippus
use of mercenaries
see also Hannibal, army of
Carthaginian navy
blockade of Strait of Messina
private funding for
raids on Italian coast
under Hamilcar
weakness of
Carthaginians
enslaved by Gelon
in Greece Greek stereotypes
Roman stereotypes
in Rome
Carthalo, democratic leader
Casilinum, Italy
Cassiterides Islands
Cassius Dio
on beginnings of First Punic War
on Hannibal
on military leadership
on Mylae
Cato, Marcus Porcius
embassy to Carthage
hatred of Carthage
opposition to Scipio
Origines
support for Scipio Aemilianus
cedarwood, Tyrian trade in
Celtiberian tribes
Hamilcar Barca and
Hannibal and
Celtiberians, in Hannibal’s army
Celts
in Alpine regions
descent from Heracles
line
Matt Christopher, Stephanie Peters
Christopher Knight, Alan Butler