(the Bird That Comes Home), see Clarke, Helen P. “Nellie”
piskun (buffalo jump), 22, 228–29, 230
Plains Indian Sign Language (PISL), 204, 211, 212, 227
Plassmann, Martha, Horace Clarke’s interview with, 141–43, 145–46, 151
Platte River, 30, 115
Plummer, Henry, 88
pneumonia, 192
Pocahontas, 243
Poe, Edgar Allan, 55
Poinsett, Joel, 71
Point, Nicolas, 78–79
politics:
in Montana, 163–65
in temperance movement, 42
see also specific parties
polygyny, 46, 80, 92–93, 256
Poncas, allotment of, 6, 171–72, 174–75, 178, 179–81, 192
Ponca Trail of Tears, 171
ponokaomita (“elk dog”; horse), 23
Potomac, Army of the, 116
Potts, John, 30, 31
Prairie du Chien, Treaty of (1825), 63
Pratt, Richard Henry, 167–70, 169
Prickly Pear Valley, 120
Clarke ranch at, 92, 97, 98, 104, 105, 146, 151–52
Priest Butte, 122
printing press, 203
public opinion:
backlash in, 115, 121, 129, 131–33
humanitarian, 134, 137–40
Purdy, W. Frank, 212
Quebec, founding of, 27
racial classification, 3, 82
racially blended people, 142
bias against, 82–83, 154–55, 161–63, 165, 186, 189, 197, 214, 264
Blackfeet predominance of, 242–43
commercial promotion through heritage of, 215–16
contemporary challenges of, 245
enclaves of, 84–85
evolving gulf between whites and, 162–63, 165, 197
in government bureaucracy, 189–90
Helen Clarke as champion of, 154, 178, 193
lack of documentation of, 3, 45, 52, 84
rejection of heritage by, 237
social dislocation of, 4, 155, 158–59, 161, 164, 185
two worlds of, 4, 6, 150, 191, 194, 237, 242–45
see also specific individuals
Racine, Albert, 226, 231
railroads, 20, 65, 89, 116, 143, 181
Railsback, Edmund O., 164
Rapid City, S.Dak., 231
Raymond, Fort (Fort Manuel), 30, 31
Reconstruction era, 2, 164, 244
Red Horn, 123
Red Man , 170
Red River, 84–85, 115
reform, reformers:
abolitionist, 137–41, 166, 275
for black suffrage, 162
Indian, 114, 115, 121, 137–41, 225, 227; see also allotment policy; Carlisle Indian School
misguided paternalistic goals of, 167–68, 174
in temperance movement, 42
Republican Party, 161, 163, 166, 179
reservations:
breakup of, see allotment policy
depiction of life on, 153–54
as goal of reform, 114
Riplinger (fur trader), 124
Rivera, Diego, 228
robe press, 37
Roblin, Charles, 186–87
Rockefeller, Abby, 217
Rockefeller, David, 217, 290
Rockefeller, John D., as patron of J. Clarke, 6, 197, 216–18, 219, 223
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 216–17
Rocky Mountain goat, carvings of, 207 , 211, 217, 219, 225, 235, 239, 240
Rocky Mountains, 21, 40, 48, 92, 113, 121, 123, 146, 177, 183
Rolfe, Thomas, 243
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 227
Roosevelt, Theodore, 167, 181, 183
Ross, Reuben, 71
Royle, Edwin Milton, 153–55
Rupert’s Land, 28
Russell, Charles Marion, 225, 236, 289
buffalo skull icon of, 210
marriage of, 214
support for J. L. Clarke by, 209–11, 213, 215, 222
Russell, Nancy, 214
Sacagawea, 14, 243
Saint-Domingue (Haiti), slave uprising on, 11
St. Francis, Wis., 207
St. John’s School for the Deaf, 208–9
St. Lawrence River, 27, 48
St. Louis, Mo., 13, 15, 34, 76, 77, 90, 200, 209, 243
St. Peters , 43
Sand Creek Massacre, 2, 4, 110, 115, 134
Sanders, Harriet, 160
Sanders, Helen Fitzgerald, 190–91
Sanders, James, 160, 180
Sanders, Wilber Fisk, 159–60, 163–65, 175, 179, 180, 266, 279
Sandoval, Isidoro, 92
San Jacinto, Battle of, 69
Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 68–69
Saukamappee, 250
scalp dance, 76
scalps, scalpings, 24, 25, 26, 45, 95
scarlet fever, 6, 146, 198–200
Scheurele, Joe, 289
School of American Sculpture, 212
Schultz, James Willard, 193–95, 257
Scotland, 85
Scott, Dred, 258
Scott, Martin, 60–61, 258
Scott, Walter, 157
Scott, Winfield, 60, 67
scurvy, 60
Second Dragoons, 118
“See America First” slogan, 182–83
Seen From Afar, 50
“seizers” (U.S. troops), 97
Senate, U.S., 135, 166
Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), 18, 58
Seymour, Thomas,