Free Mary Tudor by David Loades

‘England and the French War, 157-9’, in Loach and Tittler, The Mid-Tudor Polity . BL MS Stowe 571, ff 77-132.
    18. Loades, Elizabeth I , pp. 116-17.
    19. Cal. Span ., XI, 393. Cal. Ven ., VI, 1058. Henry Clifford, The Life of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria , ed. J. Stevenson (1887), pp. 79-80.
    20. This was according to a report written by Michel Surian long after the event. Cal. Ven ., VI, 1537. Fresnada, the king’s confessor, was credited with this brief breakthrough.
    21. Cal. Ven ., VI, 1024.
    22. Loades, Mary Tudor , p. 289.
    23. On the bull Praeclara , see M. C. Knowles, The Religious Orders in England, III, The Tudor Age , pp. 423-6.
    24. This could not be assumed, as Paul had already withdrawn similar concessions made elsewhere. In this case Pole’s ‘special case’ representations were successful.
    25. Philip and Mary to Paul IV, 21 May 1557. Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials , III, ii, pp. 474-6.
    26. For a full discussion of Paul’s views on heresy, particularly in respect of Pole, see Dermot Fenlon, Heresy and Obedience in Tridentine Italy (1972).
    27. ODNB .
    28. TNA SP69/11/637. Ecclesiastical Memorials , III, ii, p. 37.
    29. Cal. Ven ., VI, 1161, 1166. Mayer, Reginald Pole , pp. 307-15.
    30. Mayer, ibid., pp. 316-20.
    31. Feria to Philip, 10 March 1558. Cal. Span ., XIII, 366-9. Mayer, ‘Cardinal Pole’s Final Legation’, in Duffy and Loades, The Church of Mary Tudor , pp. 149-75.
    32. Bernardo Navagero to the doge and senate, 14 August 1557. Cal. Ven ., VI, 1428. Navagero also understood that Mary was insisting that if any charges were to be proffered against Pole, they should be heard in England – as had been done with Cranmer.
    33. APC , VI, p.137.
    34. Calendar of State Papers relating to Scotland (1898), I, 416.
    35. Susan Brigden, New Worlds, Lost Worlds (2000), p. 218. Loades, Reign of Mary , p. 311.
    36. BL Stowe MS 571, ff 77-132.
    37. Juan de Pinedo to Fransisco de Vargas, 2 September 1557. Cal. Span ., XIII, 317.
    38. BL Stowe MS 571. This information is included in a note written on the document some years later by Richard Beale, then clerk of the council, saying that he had had it from Robert Davys, who had been Whightman’s assistant, ‘so the whole charge was borne by King Philip’ (f. 78).
    39. Machyn, Diary , p.147.
    40. APC , VI, pp. 141-2. A shortage of victuals appears to have been responsible.
    41. Loades, Reign of Mary , pp. 376-8.
    42. Ibid., p. 317. For a full discussion of these events see David Potter, ‘The Duc de Guise and the Fall of Calais’, English Historical Review , 98 (1983), pp. 481-512.
    43. TNA SP69/11/699.
    44. Loades, Reign of Mary , p. 317.
    45. David Loades, England’s Maritime Empire, 1490–1690 (2000), pp. 83-5.
    46. Cal. Ven ., VI, 1,396-7.
    47. P. Morgan, ‘The Government of Calais, 1485–1558’ (Oxford University DPhil, 1967).
    48. The Cardinal of Siguenza to the princess dowager of Portugal, 29 January 1558. Cal. Span ., XIII, 346-7.
    49. Philip to Feria, 31 January 1558. Cal. Span ., XIII, 347. Feria to Philip, 2 February 1558, ibid., 349-51. For the possible influence of sickness upon this reluctance, see F. J. Fisher, ‘Influenza and Inflation in Tudor England’, Economic History Review , 2nd Series, 18 (1965).
    50. BL Cotton MS, Titus B II, f. 59. Printed in G. Burnet, The History of the Reformation in England (1681), II, pp. 324-5.
    51. Loades, Reign of Mary , pp. 144-8.
    52. Feria to Philip, 5 July 1558. Cal. Span ., XIII, 402-3.
    53. Feria to Philip, to March 1558. Cal. Span ., XIII, 366-8. It is clear that Feria’s hostile and suspicious attitude made a difficult situation worse, as he never troubled to conceal his contempt.
    54. TNA SP11/14, no. 3. Cal. Span ., XIII, 416-7.
    55. Cal. Span ., XIII, 369. Loades, Reign of Mary , p. 324.
    56. Loades, ‘Philip II and the Government of England’, in Claire Cross, David Loades and J. J. Scarisbrick (eds), Law and Government under the Tudors (1988), pp. 177-94.
    57. Arras to Feria, 26