tenantsâ rights. And though I didnât want my man to sense it, I too felt that so much now seemed uncertain.Â
Buckland is as busy a small village as any round here. Set high on its hill and ringed by woods, wanderers are met by the welcoming view of the spire on our church from many miles away. Our deep and wide village green fronts that church, like an apron spread before the brick and stonework, neat along its edges, but nowadays much overworked. The number of yeomen whoâd begun to bring their flocks through that common ground, to graze their animals, was more than one could countenance. How there were any blades of grass remaining, I donât know. And yet it wasnât as if they didnât have their own fields set aside for grazing at the westernmost bounds of our parish. I canât see why we had to endure their beasts bleating, dropping their dung on the very steps of our church. Sacrilege.
âIt isnât the shepherd himself,â John Toucher went on, âbut the laws which are there to protect him, Morgan. Enclosures. Infernal, permanent hedges! Look abroad into neighbouring villages. See how many green field strips have been taken and made into one large field, hedged in and turned over to pasture. Itâs the Lords who take acre upon acre, for grazing their sheep. And with favours like these afforded to the shepherd, men like Billy Down will gain at our expense. They pitch man against his fellow, muscles or not.â
Iâd heard talk like this from other tenants in the village and was used to hearing the name of Billy Down taken in vain. His was the largest flock in the district. It was impossible to miss his presence. Or rather, his flockâs. Countless nights working out under the stars and sleeping in the hedgerows, delivering lambs from straying ewes on the cold hillsides, had thinned Billy Down into a small, lean shape. He was wealthier than most in Buckland, thanks to his rich earnings in the wool trade, but gave no sign of this in his attire. He dressed as any other villein would, in boots, breeches and his stinking tanned doublet, save for that thick and warm sheepskin, which nearly doubled him in size. He was nothing more than a boy to look at with it off but, with it on, he looked like one of his own stocky rams; thin legged, but vast and cloud-like on top.Â
His flock too had grown to twice its size in the same number of years and, with his rich earnings, heâd brought some sizeable copses beyond the Bartonâs woodlands, in the district of Limberland. Here he grazed his sheep, before herding them through the woolbrook and on up through the village to the site of his barns. It was at this herding time that his sheep were prone to wander and many times heâd stirred the bailiffâs wrath, as well as the ire of the village, by letting his sheep stray across the green. For such neglect and for his unreasonable profits in these matters, heâd become unpopular in Buckland. I had, by now, heard of the intended tax upon such flocks as large as these and offered this to John, to ease his fears.
âProfits or not, John, Billy Downâll soon be paying taxes, more and more upon his massing sheep. Thatâll surely keep him within his means.â
âNot before some honest arable manâs been turned off his land for Billy Downâs profit! Where do those men go, Morgan, those whoâve been drummed off?â He was becoming terse and I was upset at his manner.
âI donât know, John. Though you yourself most obviously seem to. Why bother asking?âÂ
I knew his convictions on such matters, but seldom had seen him so troubled, or heard him turn his talk upon one man in particular. Now he seemed to be turning it on me as well.
âIâll tell you where,â he said.
âIâm sure you will,â I replied.
âGiven over to beggary!â he said, swinging his arms wide round about him, as if he was
janet elizabeth henderson