Free Death to Tyrants! by David Teegarden

Peloponnesian states, but the danger could have spread. Also note Diodoros’s comments at 17.48.5–6. Many Persian military officers who escaped from the battle of Issos continued to fight against Alexander: “some got to important cities and held them for Darius, others raised tribes and furnishing themselves with troops from them performed appropriate duties in the time under review.”
    19 Priene ( RO 86), Mytilene ( RO 85), Ephesos (Arr. Anab. 1.17.10–12), Chios ( RO 84), Erythrai ( I. Erythrai 10), Zeleia ( Syll . 3 279). Also note Alexander’s action at Mallos (Arr. Anab. 2.5.9).
    20 On the important role of punishment in a democratic polis, see Allen (2000).
    21 The translation “tortured as a deterrent spectacle” ( μετὰ τιμωρίας παραδειγματιζόμενον ) is suggested by Walbank (1957: 266).
    22 Compare what happened in nearby Methymna (Curt. 4.8.11).
    23 The first part of text 3 is inscribed on the last lines of the obverse of gamma, immediately after text 2; thus its first line is line 33. The second part of text 3 constitutes the earliest lines of the right lateral of gamma; thus it begins with line 1. Text 4 continues right after text 3 on the same right lateral of gamma: thus the line numbering. And the majority of text 5 completes the rest of the right lateral of gamma: thus the line numbering. The very last lines of text 5, however, constituted the earliest lines on gamma’s reverse: thus the line numbering. Note that, in my translation, I print the Greek word dēmos (or the Aeolian damos ) instead of RO ’s translation “the people.”
    24 Perhaps these exiles were driven out of Eresos before the Eresians passed their “law against the tyrants” (336?). Thus they might have argued that they should be affected neither by that law nor by the trial of 332.
    25 This is argued by Heisserer (1980: 62–67).
    26 This conclusion is based in large part on the possible meaning of ὑπέρ (“on behalf of”) (line 39). But note that the same preposition is used in text 6 (lines 18–19) referring to Alexander’s letter to the Eresians concerning the trial of the descendants of the “former tyrants.” It is, perhaps, doubtful that Alexander wrote a letter of support for those men in 324. Both Welles (1974: 14) and Magie (1950: 874n60) conclude that Antigonos initially supported the descendants of Agonippos.
    27 On Lysimachos, see Lund (1992).
    28 A great example of this use of publicly placed writing is found in lines 13–18 of I. Ilion 33. Meleagros, the Seleukid governor of the Hellespont satrapy, wrote to the dēmos of Ilion that Aristodikides of Assos (a “friend” of the king) had chosen to attach his newly received land to the territory of Ilion. At the end of the letter, Meleagros wrote, “You, however, would do well to vote all the usual privileges to him and to make a copy of the terms of his grant and inscribe it on a stele and place it in the sanctuary in order that you may retain securely for all time what has been granted” (trans. Burstein). For a detailed examination of the use of inscribed documents in the mediation between Hellenistic poleis and the superpower kings, see Ma (2000).
    29 This text, recorded on the reverse of gamma, immediately follows text 5. Thus it begins with line 4. Note that I have maintained the Greek word damos instead of RO ’s “the people.”
    30 Such texts were likely inscribed on the parts of the two stones that are no longer legible. Heisserer (1980: 64) also suggests that Alexander’s order (in 334) that the tyrants be exiled and rendered subject to arrest ( agogimoi ) was inscribed on stone beta.
    31 Note that the verb ἐντυγχάνω (found in the present tense in Antigonos’s letter, lines 2–3) can mean, in addition to