Free Death to Tyrants! by David Teegarden Page A

“encounter” (as found in RO ’s translation), “appeal to” (+ dative), as found in RC 2. Importantly, Alexander’s name is in the dative case: Ἀ̣λεξάν [ δρωι ] (line 2). Thus the sense could be “appeal to Alexander.” Also, there appears to be general agreement that the subject of εν ]| τυγ [ χ ] αν [ is the Eresians: Paton, in IG XII, 2, 526 (followed by Heisserer and RO ) restored the second person plural finite verb: ἐν ]| τυγ [ χ ] άν [ ετε ; Tod 191 and OGIS 8 restored the plural participle in the nominative case: ἐν ]| τυγ [ χ ] άν [ οντες ; Welles ( RC 2) restores a participle but is noncommittal on its case and number: ἐν ]| τυγ [ χ ] αν [ οντ–16– . It is thus possible that the general sense is “your appeal to Alexander’s precedent is persuasive.” For a brief discussion of the first three lines of the reverse of stone gamma, see Heisserer (1980: 55–56).
    32 Unfortunately, there are very few extant inscriptions from Eresos, and the few that do exist are not precisely (or even roughly) dated. However, the inscriptions do suggest that the dēmos was in control of the polis after 300. The following texts likely date to the Hellenistic period and give an indication that the dēmos controlled Eresos: IG XII, 2: 527, 528, 529, 530; Supplement to IG XII: 120 (before 190 BCE), 121 (3rd/2nd c. BCE), 122 (209–204 BCE). No extant text from this period indicates that the dēmos was not in control of the polis.
    33 Bosworth’s comments (1980: 317). It might be relevant to note that Seleukos I and Antiochos I returned a statue of Apollo to Miletos that was taken by Darius I (Paus. 1.16.3, 8.46.3).
    34 It must be stressed that the Alexander was not doctrinaire in his liberation/democratization policy. Parmenion, for example, enslaved the small Aeolic town of Gryneion (Diod. Sic. 17.7.9). But that occurred before Alexander commanded the forces in Asia Minor (see Badian [1966: 39–40]). And Thebes was a democracy when Alexander had it destroyed. But it, of course, was on the Greek mainland. Note, too, Alexander’s maltreatment of Soli (in Kilikia) during the run-up to the battle of Issos (Arr. Anab. 2.5.5–8): he put a garrison in the city and fined the citizens 200 talents (because they favored Persia) and then “granted them democracy.” As Bosworth notes (1980: ad loc.), this notorious incident demonstrates that a grant of democracy was not necessarily a grant of freedom. Arrian appears to contrast Alexander’s treatment of Soli with his subsequent treatment of Mallos (Arr. Anab. 2.5.9).
    35 There surely was internal competition for control of the various poleis. The epigraphic record in several cities makes this clear. For example, Mytilene ( RO 85), Erythrai ( I. Erythrai 10), Chios ( RO 84). Alexander’s democratization policy was unwelcomed by anti-democrats.
    36 For an analysis of the laws from Eretria and Athens, see, respectively, chapters 2 and 3 . Note, too, that Phanias of Eresos (a student of Aristotle, who was Alexander’s tutor) wrote a book titled τυράννων ἀναίρεσις ἐκ τιμωρίας (“the slaying of tyrants out of vengeance”) (Athen. 3.90e; 8.33a, 10.438c). Alexander clearly understood the potential power of anti-tyranny ideology.

Appendix
    The Number and Geographic Distribution of Different Regime Types from the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Periods
    In the introduction I made significant assertions about the success of democracy within the larger ancient Greek world during the Archaic, Classical, and early Hellenistic periods. I here provide the data to support those assertions. In order to present the data within a more useful and compelling